Isicatshulwa sokuphucumana esiphakathi sihluke kakhulu lokusetshenziswa kweebhedi, ukugcina ukuhlaba ngokuphephandwayo, ngisho ngenxa yeminyaka okufika nokubuka emigqugweni. Ukhuseleka umva wokusetyenziswa lokuhlola ukuthi ngapi ebhedi akwazi ukukhathala ngokuphakeme ngamandla amaphansi apho akuyisusa isifazane sesifazane sengxenyeni. Ngokwesithathu SAE J2530, imisebenzi yokuhlola sisimula izinto ezinhlelwe ngaso lapho iibhedi zihlabe ngamandla amaphansi, njengelokusho kakhulu okanye amanje amanje. Lomsebenzi lingalindelela ukuthi amandla amaxabiso aziphumelele ngaphambi kokuba ebhedi ibe ngaphandle komthombo wakho okanye ubhekene. Ukutesta kakhulu kwesicatshulwa sokuphucumana esiphakathi sihluke kakhulu ngoba idatha yesikweletu sezibuyeza ukubonisa ukuthi iibhedi ezinethuthukile zingabafuneka, okuningi lokuthi ziziphiwe ngokuphephandwayo, uzame ukuthi iibhedi zibe ngaphandle komthombo wakho, uzame ukuthi iibhedi zibe ngaphandle komthombo wakho, uzame ukuthi iibhedi zibe ngaphandle komthombo wakho.
Ukuphinda phakathi esihlanu kusukela ukuthi ngokwesiphumo sokuqinisekisa okungafanele kwezinye izinto zokuhlala emasipheni, ngisho ngezitirelo ezifana nezi-4x4 ezikhona ezigqugquzweni elandelayo. Izimvume ezinhloko zokuthiwa kumazwi amandla angenziwayo kuhluke amagama angaphambili komunye wehlathi lokusebenza, futhi umsebenzi wokuthatha amagama angaphambili kunikezela indlela yokubuyekeza okudingekayo. Oku kuzokuthuthukisa ukuthi amagama angaphambili amanani akuyisisekelo sokuthiwe nokuba kanye nokuthiwe ngokushesha, kodwa kufanele kube kusenokulandelana nokuhlola okudingekayo kanye nokuhlola okungadingekayo.
Isiphumo sokuqinisekisa kulandelana ngephakathi kanye nokuphucumana, okuningi lokunqabileyo kakhulu phakathi kwemibhalo yezilo olungaphandle kwezindaweni ezidingekayo. Loluqukethe luhlola ukuthi lelendelana inani layo yokuvamiswa ngaphakathi njengoba ayiqabene, ukusukela isapho esikhathini sokugcina. Izindlela zokuhlola lokuhlola i-bursting factor zizama ukuhlala ngenani elincinci lomoya wokuvamiswa ngaphakathi kunye neziqhutywa ezifanele, uzame ukufika kwiqinisekiso lokulandelana. Amagcinikazi wezindawo azihamba ngokubheka umthombo omkhulu wamandla olusemukelwe kuhambisana nesiphiwo somandla lokulandelana, ukushicilela ukuthi kuhlanganisiwe ukwakhiwa kokuba kakhulu nokuhlola. Ngoko ke, ngokwesibonelo sokuthuthukisa, ukuphatha amandla apha kunye nokuhlola kakhulu kungabangako ukuthi amandla akuyenzelwe, ukuthuthukisa nokugcina kuzo kudibanisa uphawu nokugcina kwezilondolozi zezindaweni ezidingekayo.
EN 12413 uyaphumelela ngenqanawe yokuqinisekisa oluhlu lokusebenza lwezihlobo, uzikhetha amandla esisodwa kuthi ukusukelwa nokuhlola. Ukufumanisa i-EN 12413 amandla ayithathe izindawo ezidingekileyo zokuhlola okufanelelwa ngokubalulekileyo kunye nezinhloso zokusebenza kwiindlela ezidingekayo. Lolu hlobo luyahamba kumva kwezi zinto zokuhlola zokusetyenziswa ukuvavanya ukuphakamisana nokuphinda ukusuka kwizihlobo. Ngezazwe, ukufumanisa le ndlela akuxoxwa njengokuthi kulungile; kungenxa yokuba kukho ukukhuluma nokuthi kungabonakali. Ukungafumanisiwa kungavela amaphuzu ama-restrictive makhetsheni, okanye emakhulu apho kuvela ukufumanisa i-EN 12413 kuziphi izindawo. Ngokwemvume wezindaba, izihlobo ezifumaniswayo nge-EN 12413 zingasusa isiphumo sokugcina kwezilimi, uzikhetha indlela elandelayo lokuhlola kwisebenza.
I-JWL kunye ne-VIA amandla amahlelo aqaphela okufanelelwa lokuhlola ukusukelwa nokusebenza kwe-tires ezinamadala. Ukufanelela nge-JWL ifuneka lizame ukuthi i-wheels zikhene imibhongo eminingi, phakathi kwalokho kuhlukeleko lwe-impact kunye ne-radial fatigue tests, ngakho kokwesiphi incedo lolu hlukeleko olulandelayo lokuhlola ukuba i-wheel ingavumele ku-deform. Umsebenzi wase-VIA uhlalela isimo esisodwa sokuqinisekisa ngokusetshenziswa sesikhwama esingasetyenziswa sokuhlola amalungelo, ukusureka umnotho omphambili. Ukufanelela nge-JWL kunye ne-VIA amandla amahlelo aphoqele ukusuka kwisebenza, ngoba izindawo eziyindiza amadala zihlaba zihlala amandla ekubeni amathuluzi akhetha ukusebenza kwe-tires. Abanye abahlekazi bahlula ukuthi ukugcina ngezimandla zakhe ziqinisekisa ukuphazima ukuthi amathuluzi angafanelelwa kumalungelo engaphezulu, uzokusukela nokuhlola nokusebenza kwekhombi kumindawo eyisityalo.
Amasithathu amathree-piece wheels aziqondiselela ngokupheleleyo iindlela zokugcina kwisezantsi lweSAE, uzokusetyenziswa kakhulu izicwangciso ezifanayo ngezilondolozi zokubhukuda, okuyintoni nokulindeka, kunye nezilondolozi zokuhlaba. Izicwangciso eziyinhloko zikhishwa ukuba amathree-piece wheels zakwazi ukufika emuva kwemibuzo enkulu kunye nokuhlinza umphakathi wokushesha. Ukusetha kweamathree-piece wheels akhutshane amaphutha angaphezu kwalokhu, phakathi kwezinye izindlela ezinomsindo, futhi kuhlelwa ukuba zikwazi ukusebenzisa indlela eyahlukileyo yokungena lokho olunomtheleli. Abasebenzisi ababonakale abazisetyenziswa nezicwangciso zeSAE siphindaphindi ukukhombisa isenzo sebhodini, esizihlanganisa ukuba zingene ukukhuluma ngezimvo ezincinci ezidingekayo phambi kokuba amahluke agcine imvula elandelayo. Iziphawu zasebasebenzisi zikhutshane ukuba ukuhlukaniswa nokubona kweSAE akhutshane ukukhombisa isenzo sebhodini kunye nokuthuthukisa ukukhankanyiswa kwabantu ababuyelele, okungakwenzeka ukuba kuhlelwe ukudibanisa kumkhakha.
Upriramaniso lwesimo le-ISO 5775-1:2023 ulandelayo amaphawu amahhovha aqinisekileyo ezokusetyenziswa kwiindlela zokulandelana ngebeadlock, uzama ukubonisa izicwangciso zasekhohloko ezindaweni zokuthiwa ngaphandle komlaba. Amacriteria acala phakathi kwizinyathelo zokugcina isitayela kunye nokusebenza, okufanele kuzinezimvo zokungena eziqhutywa ezikhulu apho ukuphuma kuhlu lokuhlola kungenzeka. Izicatshulwa zeziphumo ezifanele zibonisa ukuba izindlela ezilungileyo zihlinzekele amaxwebhu angaphambili kumthetho wokuvela umthombo wesitayela ngendlela edingekayo emikhushini engamagciniselo. Ngokwesiphi, ukukholelwa kwezi mahhovha kwenziwe kuhlu lokunqume kakhulu ngaphandle komlaba, apho iimotshani bezithintele imigomo elincinci kunye neemva kwindawo. Ibhuti babalulekile bayabona ukuthi lezi zilungu zikulula ukudibanisa uphawu lwe-tire, ukuhlola kunye nokusebenza ngokupheleleyo.
Izicatshulwa ezifana nezi-hookless zihlaba amanani angaphakathi ngeemehlo efaneni lokusebenza kweentayela eziningi, uzokubonisa ukusuka kwesibhakabhaka. Amahlekwesi akhona apho amasukatisi angenakwazi ukufakwa ngendlela elungileyo phakathi kwebhali neentayela, ukuze kuhlobene ngeentsingiselo ezikhulu njengamandla okuthi entayela azikwazi ukugcina okanye ukuphakamisana ngqo. Ukugcina lwendawo, i-ETRTO yalayishwa ukuyaziwayo amanani engcono yobhali lokusebenza, uzokususa izigoduso nemisebenzi emazweni lokuthi u-Thomas De Gendt wavela isikhombiso esikhathini soku, esizoba ukuthi amahlekwesi akho. Ukukhetha okungcono kufanele, ubuyekezwe ngokubheka amasukatisi amaningi webhali neentayela ngokwesiphiwo lesithunywa. Ukuzimela ukusebenza ngokubhekisisa imibhalo yezigoduso ezindalekayo nokuhlola izilimi ezidingekayo zomandla, uzokuhlola ukuthi usetyenziswa umsebenzi omncane nokuhlala kakhulu nge-hookless setups.
Izicelo zokugcina ezintsha zomphahla engakwaziwayo ukusetshenziswa ngepresi yezinto eziqondisiwe, uzikhathalelwa izinyathelo eziphupheleleyo uma zibekwe ngaphandle kwezinye. Iindlela zokuthiwa ngendawo yasekhaya zisetsele amaxesha amakhulu okulandelayo ukuze kuhlukanise amafayile angaphansi—ukuhlonishwa olunye kunye nokuthi amaphahla amagcina angenayo uhlobo oluningi phakathi komphahla wokugcina kunye nezinye ezinethileyo. Ngokushesha kwalokho ukufika kwezinyathelo ezifanele, kungabikho amalungu amaqhelekanga, njengoba apho abanini basekicelo bahlukanise amaphahla ngemva kokuthiwa amaxesha amakhulu. Izindlela ezinhloko zihamba ngokubheka ukusetshenziswa kwezinto nemveliso ezinceda ukuba zisetyenziswa ngempumelelo yokusetshenziswa amaxesha amakhulu, njengokusebenzisa amaveliso amacompoti esizinzima okanye ukwenqaniswa kwamandla omusho. Amaphrofesheni abaningi ukususa ukuthi kudingeka ukwenqaniswa kwezindlela ezinhloko ukuthola ukusetyenziswa kwezesi sikhathi sokusetshenziswa amaxesha amakhulu, ukuba usukela kumoya okusindelani kunye nokusenzela ukuthi kuhlanganise.
Amaphrojekthi yokuhlola amathuluzi emibhalweni kusukela ukuthi zikhuliswe ukuze zisukele umnwebi wamathuluzi ngemibono esidingeni. Amaphrojekthi akhuphe izindawo ezifanayo ngezihlahla, uzokubuyekeza izimbongi ezingaziphi zokusetyenziswa kweemathuluzi. Ngokugcina, iimboniso zikhethele amakhomphakathi okuhlola amathuluzi ahlala phakathi komhlaba ofanele. Izilwandle zeziphrojekthi zizoba kuhluke, zibeza isenzo sokuqinisekisa usopho lwesixhobo ngokubuyekeza imiphumela yokufa ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa kweemathuluzi kumhlaba ofanele. Idata yophrojekthi yokuhlola ibuyekeza ukuthi amaphrojekthi akhuphe azokwenzeka ukuyongeza ukubonisa nokuthatha amandla nokuthiwa kweemathuluzi yesixhobo somhlaba ofanele, ukungabangela amagcinisi asendaweni esidingeni.
Izilungiselelo zokubhala kweqinile zikhululeka ngokuphakeme kwiqhosha lokuhlola uhlanu lweJeep rims kunye noma amathathu evesi. Izilungiselelo zakhiya izimbali nezifundo ezifumanekayo ngemvume okufakelwa ngamandla nokuthi amandla aziphakamiswe ngendlela yokugcina nokuhlala kakhulu. Umthetho uwusetyenziswa ukwenza izilungiselelo ezidingekayo ngokusebenzela amandla angaphakathi ngokusebenzisa amandla angaphezulu njengoba kuhloniphe umhlaba wokuqala. Ngokwesikhatsi, abasebenzisi bayazi ukuthi lezi zilungiselelo zihlabeleka ukukhombisa amandla akho esezindleni sokunyuka kwemitha. Ukusondela kwezindlela zingabizwa ukuthi iJeep rim ezilungiselekile zikuphucukele amandla apho zibuyele kumthetho omkhulu wecula lwesikhatsi sasendaweni. Le ndlela yokuhlola kukhangele ukuthi rim zibe ngale ndlela ezidingekayo ngokudlula kunye nokuhlola.
Ukubheka ukuphakamisana kwezilo lwenqanawa liyinhlangano elihle ngokwesiphumo sokuqinisekisa isiphiwo lesikhatsi ngeendaba, ngisho ngokuthi kulesi simahadi esingaphambili. Lolu nhlangano luhluke ukukhetha amaxwebhu okukhulu ukuvumela ukuba iziphiwo ziqinisekise ukusungula umdlalo wegama lokugcina, uzokususa nokuhlola. Lolu nhlangano luhamba ngokusebenzisa imibiko neemvelo ezikhoyo, njengomlando wesilimo nokuphakamiswa kwesiphiwo, ukuze kuhlola ukuphakamiswa kweziphiwo. Iindlela zokubhekisisa zokuxhasa zikusho inhlangothi yezindaba zikhululeka ukuthi lokho kuhluke ukukhetha ukuba kuzo zinto ezifaneleyo ezizenzakalelayo ezidluliswa ngokuthi iindlela zokuphakamiswa. Ukusigcina ukuphakamiswa kwezilo lwenqanawa usuka ukuyongeza isikhatsi sesiphiwo semkhankaso kunye nokuthuthukisa ukususa nokuhlola kakhulu kwezi simahadi esingaphambili.
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