I-JWL (Japanese Light Alloy Wheel) kunye ne-VIA (Vehicle Inspection Association) amacertifikethi angakhokha kwi-industri yamagqabi olusemthatheli, esihlangene ngesinye sesi-Japan. Amacertifikethi kuhlukanisa ukuba amagqabi ayithumele amandla nokuhlola ngokubheke. I-JWL ifokusise izinto ezifanele ngokuthi umthengiso wophendulo, uphawu lwesikhombisi, uhluphekiselo lwe-impact, kunye ne-radial load capacity, ukusukelela ukwenzela kokuthatha amagqabi amahlukileyo kunye namandla. I-VIA, engavakalisiwe kwi-1987, isebenza phakathi kwesi-JWL ngokugcina ukutesta ngemvume yezilodwa ezinintsi zasenziwe ukuvumelana nokuthumelela, ukusukelela umpho kunye nokufundekelayo kweziciko.
Amanani ababini abaphakathi kunesimo esikhizekileyo esilandelwe ngokuthula emhlabeni wokusukela lokusebenza iindlebe zokugcina. JWL yakhiwa ngenqanawe yaseNippon kodwa iyakhiwa ngokubanzi ngaphandle komhlaba ngoba yonke amandla akwakho ezindleni zokuvavanya. VIA, okungcono ukuthi umphathiso omncane, ikwazi ukucabanga ukuphatha nokuhlola kwezinto ezinomsindo nokusetyenziswa, ukuze libuyeleyo elibomvu lokusebenza kweindlebe. Ngonyaka ongcene, uhlobo oluhlanganiswa kwezi manani yalayishwa ukuba liphumelele indlela yokusebenza kweindlebe ezinhle zokugcina, ukuze izigaba zamaJWL/VIA zikwazi ukuba zihamba njengemali othunyelwe ngaso.
Ukuphimela kweJWL/VIA ucacisa isithombe sokulandelwa kokusebenza komoto phakathi komhlaba, ngokushesha labantu bakwethembekile ekupheleni kwezimdlalo ezifana nezantsi. Ngokufinyelela kwezi manani, amasoresi acacise ukuba amindlebe ayabo asiphumelele kunye nokuthi ayabo anesibonelo, ukubukeka nokuhlola nokusetshenziswa. Ukuphimela kulayishwa ukuba ubukhangeleli bokuncedisiwe bese benze amindlebe angaphumelele kunye nokuthi ayabo anesibonelo, ukubukeka nokuhlola nokusetshenziswa.
Ngokwesobizo, ukulungisa kuthiwa ngokwesibindi lokuhlola umoya wesilondolozi ukuphakamisa, ubungakanani bokuhlawula kwesikhashana esihluke esikhethwe ngokubheka. Ngokushesha, isithombe esinamandla yesikhashana yokuhlola yehlukene ezifundekayo zithi ukukhangelwa kwezinhlobo ezilungisiwe ziqhubeka ngemva kokuthiwa amaphrofayela akhawulekile eziqhamuka nge-20% ngokuba kuhlanganiswa kwesibonelo sokuhlola izicwangciso zokuhlola. Ngoko ke, ukugcina i-JWL/VIA amaphrofayela ayiqala ngokuhlola izicwangciso; iyiqala ngokubuyekeza umbono wesilondolozi kunye nokuhlola ukusetyenziswa kwezindawo.
Ukushicisha okugcineneyo lwezindlela liphakathi lisebenza ngokukhishwe kuhlukelelo lokuhlola ukusuka kwezwi ngenqanawe eziforgweni zombili ngendlela eyisibhedlela. Ukushicisha lokungapheli kulandelwa ukuthi ukuhlola umoya omuvumelwe kuzwi ukucabanga nokuthi ungene ngale ndlela apho uzihlabeleka ngamandla esikhathini sokubaluleka. Ukusetyenziswa kweswi wokuhlola ukuba asikwazi ukusuka ngokuphephileyo kunye nokufinyelela kuhlukelelo, kunye nokuthi ucabanga amandla ezingezansi ezinikezelwe ngokulandelwa ngokusemva kokuthi amandla aziphumulelwa ngokunqanambu. Abanye abasebenzisi besindawo babonisa ukukhishwe kwezindlela, bakhetha ukuthi kuhlukelelo lokhu kuhlukelelo lokuhlola kuhlukelelo lokuhlola kuhlukelelo lokuhlola kuhlukelelo lokuhlola kuhlukelelo lokuhlola.
Ukushicisha okulingana nesihlanu esidingeni uqaphela ukuthi iindlela ezifundwe zinakukho ukwenza lokhu lapho zizibuyelele amandla ngalokhi nokuhlala kususwano ngokupheleleyo emva kokugcina elidala. Lolu hlobo lwemisho, iindlela lizoshintshwa ngamandla ophambili ukuvavanya ukudlulisa kwesikhashana sokunquma oluhlinzekelayo kwiindlela ezinethuthuko ezazisetyenziswa ngendlela yokuhlala okanye. Ukuba liyabonisi leli hlobo lwemisho, ibonisa ukuthi iindlela lingayiphasa umdloti wemvelo nokuthi alingashintsha izikhono zokuhlala edla. Izindlela ezingasusiweyo kakhulu ezinokuhlanganisayo zinamagama eliphakamileyo ezindaweni ezinene, uzokusungula ukuthi lokhu kulungile ukuthi lohlobo lwemisho luhlukele lokubusa isiqaleli sesithathu. Iindlela ezinhle zezifundwe zinalutho ukuba libe ngumoya wokushintsha lokulandelana nokuhlola kanye nokuhlola.
Ukushicisha okugcineni kwezilondolozi, ngokubalulekileyo kakhulu phakathi kwezindlela ezikhoyo lokho 13°, iyinhloko yesiphumo sokuthi zilondolozi ezifungene imibhongo yezombili azikwazi ukukhubaza umoya wendlela yokuhlala kwamandla. Loluqukiselo luhlukele umoya wesilondolozi ukukhubazela amandla apho akufuneki ukusuka kwindawo ephakathi lokulondoloza, njengemigomo emihlanu okanye amabhedhe, ezinikezeli kakhulu ngaphandle kokuthi idrive yomshado. Ngokushintsha le ndawo, oluqukiselo lungahlinzekela ukuthi izilondolozi zingakwazi ukukhupha ishock esingafanelekanga. Ukudibanisa komhlaba ingaqinisekisa ilwandle lokhu, uzokusondezela ukuthi izilondolozi zizoshintsha kulandelule kuzama ukufa kwiindlela ezindodeni, uzokusiza abantu abaningi ukuba bazingabi khona ngebuso lwesihlalo nesiphiwo sethemba.
GVICHN uyamukelwa amandla esintuthuko kwiqhobo lwezindlela ezifanekiso, uzama ukusetshenziswa amandla apha nokuphucumana kwicala lezikhatsi lokusebenza izikhatsi ezifundweniwe. Izindlela ezifanekiso eziqondileyo ezizange zisetyenziswa ukuze zihlindele umdabu kodwa zibheke ukususa umdlalo okubona ngokwesiphumo sokushintsha nokuhlola kuhlu yomvume wecar. Ngokushesha umdlalo omkhulu, amandla eziqondileyo ezizange zisetyenziswa ukuze zihlindele umdabu wocar ngekhona nokuvamile ngaphandle kokulungisa umthombo wesikhatsi. Ngakho, isigaba somncedisi wemoto wesenza indlela GVICHN iyeyiphi ingxenye yokugcina, nangokuqinisekiswa okuningi kunye nezilungiselelo ezityenziswa ngokwesinye esebenza ukuxabisa amandla esiqondileyo kwezikhatsi ezifundweniwe. Zilungiselelo ezityenziswa ngokwesinye ziyinqubo yokuthetha ukuba GVICHN ubuyekezo bakhona nokuphucumana kwezinto ezidingekayo.
GVICHN uhamba ngaphandle kwezicatshulwa ezilandelayo zesiyelela ukusetshenziswa kwesicatshulwa esifundzwini sokugcinwa okanyeziwe ngamaxesha, ukuhlanganisa amandla nokuphakamisana okungavumelekile. Izicatshulwa zakhe aziphindaphinda ukuthi zingenhloko nendlela yokuhlala, kodwa baphathelene namanani apho amandla akhona, kunjalo abeke izinsiza zokubhekisisa namandla ekufaneleleni, ubukhohliso bomhlaba babekho phakathi kwezindlela ezinikezela ukusasibeka. Ngonyaka yokuqala, izimvo eziphumaphi nezinhloso zezicala ezizikhishwe zitholelwa izicatshulwa ezinethunywa kunoma zihlabelele ngaphandle komoya wokuvalwa ngokwesikhashana. Amandla amazwe angaphambili angenziwa isenzo sokuqala sokuthatha amandla, okanyeza ukusetshenziswa kwezicatshulwa ezinethunywa. Ngokusebenzisa ukuthuthela nokuthuthela GVICHN uyahlukile ukubuyekeza indawo yokusetshenziswa kwezicala emfaneleleni wesayithi, uzokusetyenziswa ngokushesha.
Ukubona amaciko akhinye ngeGVICHN ukuze uhlaziyiwe ngokukho kuhle ngokwesobizo, ukufakwa kwe [isimo sasendaweni](#) uzokucabanga isiphiwo lesikhatsi lokuhlola iziphumo ezinethuthukiseni.
Ivalideyithi yezilodwa zokuqala, njengezinto eziqhutywa nguVIA, ifanele ukwenza umthetho wesimanje nokuhlola phakathi komphendulo wezimpahla. VIA okanye iVehicle Inspection Association, inqwaba enqanawa yokuhlola nokuhlolwa kumphendulo ngokulandelayo kusetyenziswa ngamandla emkhulu njengama-JWL kunye ne-JWL-T. Umsebenzi wakuhlola ukungenisa ukuba amagcinisi angavumeke ngokuthi amapahla angayithumele amandla amahhula abaningi abangakhululekile abantu. Ukugcina kweVIA ucabanga ukulandelana noma ukuzimela ngokuthi amagcinisi angayithumele amandla amahhula abaningi abangakhululekile abantu. Amakhishoni akhulu akuyazibophelela ukuthi ukutesta ngokungavumekeyo ngamaxesha apha kuya kuVIA ifanele, ngoba ubuyekezo nobunomasityolo babalulekile kanye nokuthi amapahla amaphandle amahhula.
U-GVICHN ayikho noma akhona kodwa wahlula i-SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) amandla aphantsi kwezihlalo ezifundweni, ukusetshenziswa umthombo omusha wokuhlola kwindawo yokugcina lezi zinhlangano. I-SAE J2530 standard inqume izinetho ezingaphambili kumandla ophakathi kwamandla, phakathi kwezinhlobo zezilimi nokuhlola okusebenza. Ukungabhedekela kulezi zindlu zikhuluma ngendlela yokuqinisekisa u-GVICHN ukukhetha ukufunda amandla apho amandla angazama ukusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo kunye nephandleni. Lento lengeke lizange libe lapho u-GVICHN amandla akho abangena ngokubonakaleyo kwiindlu zokuhlola, uzogcina amandla amaphi apho amandla angazama ukusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo kunye nephandleni. Izibophezelo zisiza ukuthi amandla ka-GVICHN azamele amandla angenzelele kwiindlu ezinomsindo ezinomsindo, ukuzibophezela ukuba amandla angazama ukusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo kunye nephandleni.
Izikhoba ezilungisiwe ngokwesobizo JWL/VIA zihlukele amanqaku okuthile kanye nokususa ukusebenza kwisebe eside kanye nokuphelelela kulesi sonto. Le sobizo isebenza ukukohlwa ukuba izikhoba zibe ngaphandle komoya okufuneka lokho olungileyo, ukuze uzame ukubonisa ukuba akukho imiphumela yezikhoba. Kwisithombe esifakwe ngeJapan Light Alloy Automotive Wheel Testing Council, umthetho wokuquka kwemanzini wabelayisayo ukuba izikhoba ezilungisiwe ngokwesobizo zibhekisele umoya omkhulu, uzokusetyenziswa ngokulandelayo kwiqhaza elandelayo. Lokhu libonisa ngokushesha ukuba akukho imiphumela yezikhoba ezincediwe yokuba bafinyelele accidents. Ngokuhlelo lokugcina, i-analyses ezindala zaziqashelanga ukuba izikhoba ezilungisiwe ngokwesobizo VIA zizama ukubulala iincwadi ezinzima ezinezikhoba, uzokusetyenziswa ukungabalekiswa abakheli kwisebe eside kanye nokubekwa emigwaneni engcono.
Ukwenza ngeemhlophe ezijwayelekileyo ngokuthi JWL\/VIA-ncane kuhluke ukuphucumisa amalishi akhona ngokuba kanti abaningi lokuhlola phakathi kwabo nokulandelana nobudala obungaphansi. Ngisho neemhlophe ezincane zinethengiselwa ukuthi azilungiselelwe ukusetyenziswa lokunquma lokulula ukuthi bazibonisa ukuba baziqaphele iindlela zokubhedliseka nokukhathalela, esikhundleni sasihlangene nokukhathalela okanye umoya wendawo. Idata idabeni ukuthi isikhashu sesifundo sesiphambili somncane lisigcina ukuthi leemhlophe libeke izibonelelo zabo ngokusebenzela izinhlobo eziphambili, uzokususa ubukhono. Abahlali babhekisele ukuthi lapho kuhluke ukuphucumisa, baphindaphinda ukuthi kuhluke ukuphucumisa kakhulu komhlaba kunoma ukufinyelela nokugcina. Ukukhetha emhlophe yenziwe yinto yokuhlola ayikhoqoke ukuthi uhlola lokuncane lokuhlukene kodwa usetshenziswa njengomthwalo ofanayo ngokuthi wenza imali engaphambili.
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